Saturday 4 July 2020

Seven Google products that failed miserably.

Even big brands fail horribly and chances are you don’t even know it cause you’re too busy enjoying their success stories. In this post, we’ll take a look at 7 Google products which failed horribly.


                             

Google Notebook: This online app lets users write notes and save text, images and links inside a Web browser. In September 2011, Google decided to discontinue Notebook and focus its efforts on Google Docs, which offered comparable features.

• Google Buzz: Launched in February 2010, this social network and messaging product were integrated into Gmail and let users share status updates, photos, videos and links. But Google got flack for upgrading Gmail users to the service without their consent and for its poor privacy settings. Buzz was killed a year and a half later.

• Google Lively: Think of Lively as the company’s answer to the simplified virtual experience Second Life. This customizable online world lets up to 20 users occupy a room and chat with one another via avatars and cartoon text bubbles. But Lively was anything but and lasted just seven months before it was discontinued in December 2008.

• Google Catalogs: Catalog was a mobile app that compiled digital versions of traditional retail catalogues from merchants like Macy’s, Brooks Brothers and Sephora so users could read them all in one place. Google pulled the plugin 2013, just two years after launch.

• Google Wave: The online collaboration tool used a Gmail-like appearance that displayed strands of messages — including texts, links and photos — called “waves.” Indeed, Wave was so experimental that even some employees didn’t quite get it. It came as no surprise when Wave flopped with consumers, and Google stopped developing for it a year later.

• Dodgeball: Dodgeball was a social network based on the location where users texted their position to the service and were notified of nearby friends and venues. Acquired in 2005, Google shut down Dodgeball four years later and replaced it with Google Latitude, an addon feature to Google Maps that worked similarly.

• Google Video: Before it bought YouTube in 2006, Google tried competing with its own service for uploading videos. But Google’s effort never caught on the way YouTube did, so it acquired the service instead. Google Video died a slow, quiet death in 2012.

Friday 5 June 2020

Common ‘GROWTH STRATEGIES’ every strategist should know.



·       Red ocean strategy - Competing in existing markets where you try and beat the competition in a fight for the existing customer demand.

·       Blue ocean strategy - Create uncontested market spaces making the competition irrelevant as you create and capture new demand.

·       Beachhead strategy - Strategies and tactics used to gain traction or a sustainable position in a new market.

·       Ambush marketing - Advertisers work to connect their product with a particular event in the minds of potential customers, without having to pay for the event.

·       Guerrilla marketing - The use of small incremental attacks by using unconventional methods against a larger opposition.

·       Mobile defence - By moving resources and creating new strategies and tactics the intended goal is to create a moving target that is difficult to attack by the opposition.

·       Frontal attack: Specifically designed to engage the opposition with a head on frontal assault.

·       Encirclement strategy: To find niches in the marketing space rather than compete against the competition, more of an indirect assault on the opposition’s market share.

·       Leapfrog strategy: Achieved through technological advancements or creating new segments that have not been developed as of yet.


Thursday 28 May 2020

A quick glance at various digital lending models


  •        Over 90% of households in India have access to banking services and digital lending may increase 10-15 times to arrive at INR 6-7 Lakh crore. Let’s have a look at various digital lending models in India:

 

  •        P2P lending: Digital platforms that connects the borrows with the lenders offering an often-quick turnaround time for low-cost loans.

 

  •        Crowdfunding: Platforms that allow the investees to raise credit from an open group of investors by simply letting the investees to present their business case and attract investments.

  •      PoS Lending: Financing of online purchases by making use of conventional data like bank statements and unconventional data like transaction history.

  •         Supply Chain Financing: In partnership with NBFCs, targeting merchants using online medium for selling their goods and services by leveraging the merchant data.

 

  •        Invoice financing: To fulfil the short-term liquidity requirements, working capital credit is offered to the MSMEs, based on their unpaid customer invoices.

 

  •        Pay later loans: Digital credit like that of a credit card in which small loans are offered with an option to make the payment later.

 

  •        Mobile lending: Loans given via smartphones to the customers by analysing the creditworthiness using data values including call patterns, e-money usage, etc.

 

  •        Digital Mortgage: Mortgage purchases via a digital channel of the traditional mortgage loan process, comparatively reducing the overall turnaround time.


Tuesday 26 May 2020

What is IKEA’s Success Mantra ?



  • ·       Everyone needs furniture and IKEA found a way to produce this stuff in a way that's affordable to customers and can be scaled globally.
  • ·       Flat pack furniture ships with great efficiency and its cost to produce relative to real wood is much lower.
  • ·       The trade-off, is that the customer must assemble it somehow, which they enjoy. And people trade convenience for affordability all the time.
  • ·       They're also combining affordability with pleasing design. Cheap and nice is rare and this creates excitement and enthusiasm, which drives sales.

  • ·       Their ads are unconventional, they frequently feature people from LGBTQ community and it appeals to them.
  • ·       IKEA is an elaborate combination of shell corporations, non-profits, licensees, licensors and other clever dodges to escape taxations.
  • ·       Except for little things like foodstuffs, they design the products, manufacture most of them, handle distribution and do the retail, a classic example of vertical integration.
  • ·       They keep the bulk of their margins, and don’t split the pie with different brands or distributors, like other distributors and retailers.



Tuesday 19 May 2020

Softbank's Dilemma

Has SoftBank’s good days gone?

                     

  •        The most sought after VC firm among the startups isn’t having a great time as of now.
  •        In the beginning of this year the firm had an operating loss exceeding $13 billion and Alibaba founder Jack Ma left the firm.
  •        Half of its assets are invested in 7 companies including OYO, Uber, DiDi which are worst affected by the pandemic.
  •        Uber recently fired 3700 employees which shows the gravity of situation.
  •        SoftBank expected the fund's top 7 positions to increase in value to $130B over 10 yrs, but things didn’t go as they had planned.
  •        The group said it would sell $41B in assets to buy back stock & reduce debt. It has spent $2.3B in the past 2 months buying back its own share.
  •        It is also in talks to sell a majority of its stake in T-mobile to Deutsche Telekom AG. It is trying the best to raise liquidity.
  •        It will further raise $11.7B using Alibaba Group stock to fund buybacks of its own shares.
  •        Do you think Masayoshi Son will bounce back considering his track record?


Monday 18 May 2020

How “Asian Paints” Challenges the Conventional Thinking

  • Formed by four friends in 1942, has a history longer than Modern India.
  • By the start of new millennium, the Indian public had changed with more money and less time.
  • Customers might think little about paint but they placed a high value on the effect paint brought to their homes.
  • Ads with the tagline ‘Har ghar kuch kehta hai’ signified the change.
  • A new helpline was launched which brought the public closer to the brand.
  • Introduction of a ‘Home Solutions’ service completed the company’s move to a premium brand.
  • Buyers of Asian Paints’ premium products swap money for solutions, not just paint.
  • Asian Paints raised staff salaries and is going ahead with annual increments to boost their morale amid the coronavirus pandemic.
  • There has been no layoff and share prices of Asian Paints gained over 2% to ₹1,554 on May 15 after the announcement despite the poor performance of market in general.

Sunday 17 May 2020

How Coca-Cola Adapts to a Changing Market Environment


5th most valuable brand in the world generated more than $31 billion in 200+ territories.

Lost about a third of its revenue due to high sugar content in its fizzy drinks and increasing health awareness.

In the first quarter of 2019, its revenue increased 5.2% compared to its previous first quarter results.



How did Coca-Cola do this and came back on the track?

In 2018, Coca-Cola bought Costa Coffee, a coffee chain popular in UK and increasingly in China. It even has stores in selected metros of India.

The company now owns a number of Tea, Water and Juice brands which are healthier and can also charge premium.

Big Brands survive by continuously adapting to the changes in their environments.

GIPHY: The search engine of GIFs

• GIPHY is an American online database and search engine that allows users to search for and share short looping videos with no sound, that resemble animated GIF files.

                                   

• It was founded in Feb 2013 and idea for the business came when the cofounders were having breakfast, musing on the rising trend of purely visual communication.

• It had 250 million+ monthly active users by July,2017 which increased to 700 million+ daily users today.

• Giphy has partnered with over 200 companies and brands to host all their existing content on their own branded channel. Giphy's partners include Disney, Calvin Klein, GE, and Pepsi.

• On 15th May FACEBOOK acquired GIPHY for $400 million and many Giphy users talked about deleting the app due to privacy reasons.

• This deal is very important for FACEBOOK since they’ll have access to user’s data and how GIFs are used across 1000s of apps.

• Do you think this deal was fair for GIPHY and they’ll still be user’s first choice?

Wednesday 13 May 2020

How Square makes Money


• Square is a financial services and mobile payments company that sells a
broad range of products, including point-of-sale hardware and software.

• Square's primary products are: a point-of-sale hardware system;
software for payments processing and analytics; Square Card, a free
business debit card; and Cash App, a peer-to-peer (P2P) payment service
and Bitcoin sales.

• Square faces a broad array of small and large competitors such as
business software companies, payroll processors, payment terminal
vendors, and banks.

• Four years after going public in 2015, Square posted its first annual profit
in FY 2019, reporting $375.5 million in net income compared to a $38.5
million loss a year earlier. Those profits were fueled by soaring net
revenue, up 42.9% year-over-year (YOY) to $4.7 billion.



• Bitcoin was Square's fastest-growing category and made up 11.0% of
Square's revenue in 2019 and Bitcoin revenue soared 210.2% to $516.5
million.

• In FY 2019, Square generated $1.0 billion in subscription and service
based revenue, up 74.3% YOY and it accounted for nearly 22% of the
annual revenue.

• In FY 2019, transaction fees accounted for $3.1 billion in revenue, up
24.7% YOY. Although transaction-based revenue was one of its slowest
growing categories, it represented by far the largest share of net
revenue, about 65%.

• On March 24, Square lowered its guidance for Q1 growth in revenue and
gross profit due the coronavirus pandemic and revised its net revenue
and gross profit expectations to between $1.30 and $1.34 billion and
between $515 to $525 million, respectively.

KC
(signing off....)

Thursday 30 April 2020

Does Corona deserve the attention it is receiving?

Coronavirus has taken the world by storm, and it’s a once in a lifetime event. Never had the
surroundings been so silent and it’s all because of the lockdown imposed throughout the country. The
measures taken by the government behind this issue is courageous and applaudable since it was the
need of the hour, what has done wrong is that it has irked the citizens from the lower strata of society.

The daily wage workers who migrated to various parts of the country for a better future were stuck
there without family. Since transportation wasn’t allowed for the general public, they had no
option but to stay there. The plight of workers led other people to question the actions of the government.


Some people went on to say that the government should have made everyone aware of its decision while
other went on to point out how the common men were suffering and bureaucrats returning from
Abroad were roaming around freely.

There have been concerns regarding the activities of government as well, for instance, deaths due to hunger.
Has crossed around 1million mark per year still nothing permanent was done while coronavirus with a mortality rate of less than 3% was considered overhyped by many. Many people came down to give
their opinion regarding the same with the prevailing notion being that the government doesn’t care
about the poor but about the rich, had it been a disease to be transmitted among the poor people living
in unhygienic conditions without sufficient amenities, the government wouldn’t have dared to give a
Damn about it.


We can always interpret any outcome positively or negatively, it depends wholly on the mindset.
And thinking of the onlookers. Considering the large population of India and lack of medical.
facilities, the situation would become outrageous, and the nationwide lockdown might be painful for
most of the people out there, It was indeed the need of the hour, and it’s the vaccine which can come
Handy fighting the exponentially growing ‘Coronavirus’.

Signing Off

KC

Monday 27 April 2020

ICOs: New way to raise funds for wannapreneurs



We can't ignore the importance of capital for an emerging startup and Venture capitals often come to the rescue when it comes to the financial backing. VCs were designed to pour a hefty sum of money into a small number of companies that could be sold for over a billion dollars. It wasn’t designed to distribute capital across many companies that have the potential to succeed, hence the chances of funding are significantly lower that inhibits the number of ideas that get funded and the number of companies that are created.
To inspire innovation and empower more people we need a more flexible system that doesn't crunch entrepreneurs and investors for access to capital. We need a balance in the start-up ecosystem just like the marine ecosystem where the big, as well as small fishes can thrive together. We need to democratize access to capital and that’s where blockchain comes in with its concept called cryptocurrency.
As an early start-up, you can’t go for an IPO in a stock exchange since the company needs to deliver profits in at least 3 of the last 5 years so an ICO(Initial Coin Offering) is the best way to raise money from everyday people provided they trust the start-up and its fundamentals. ICOs are a way for young companies to raise money by issuing a digital currency tied to the value and services that the company provides for reference. 
Ethereum's ICO in 2014 was an early pioneer, raising $18 million over a period of 42 days. The currency acts similar to shares in a company, like on the public stock market, increasing in value as it's traded online. ICOs expanded the investor pool, from a limited number of VC firms to millions of common folks who were excited to invest. This led to the influx of more people increasing the chances to get funded. After taking out the middleman fees of venture capital investors had a chance to get better returns, which they eventually did as tokens purchased in ICOs returned an average of 12.8x on the initial investment in dollar terms. 
And these people took their money out and reinvest it despite knowing it to be largely unregulated and are rife with fraud and scam, in search of even better returns like the 'Bitcoin boom' which made many millionaires overnight and this creates a virtuous cycle of capital that allows many more entrepreneurs to get funded in realising their dreams and it's illustrious that access to capital is access to opportunity.
ICOs despite having caught on in the west is still in the nascent stage in India and with the recent lifting of the ban on cryptocurrency by SC, the likelihood of cryptocurrencies being recognized as an excellent choice for investment is fairly high. KC (signing off....)

Wednesday 25 March 2020

Applications of Blockchain, Challenges it face and why it isn't just about cryptocurrency

Blockchain is often described as merely the technology behind the “Cryptocurrencies” and people fail to perceive the avenues it opens for the greater good of mankind. In reality, Blockchain is to cryptocurrency as to what the Internet is to email. 
              You never thought about applying blockchain in different domains for the upliftment of the society because you were too busy trading in Bitcoins and ether to mint money since that’s what you think about the most. (pun intended) 
              Do you know why blockchain is one of the hot research topics?  Well, you don’t need to worry because I have got you covered. In this blog, we’ll go through the various prospects Blockchain offers to us, the challenges which can be tackled with the proper implementation and the hindrances which raise questions on its viability.
Applications of Blockchain
applications of blockchain, uses of blockchain, future of blockchain
Applications of blockchain
The reason you're familiar with blockchain is probably because of cryptocurrencies but it turns out that blockchain is actually a pretty reliable way of storing data about other types of transactions, as well. In fact, blockchain technology can be used to store data about property exchanges, stops in a supply chain, and even votes for a candidate. Still wondering how?, Let's explore.

Confidentiality
  • Aadhar and security of the citizens, from birth to death, all changes in our circumstances would be stored in a global decentralised system that cannot be altered without a trace that would log everything about that alteration. You get married? You insert the info. You need to provide proof for the taxman to get a deduction? You give him a code that would access only this information and nothing else. No more ID theft.
  • One of the challenges hospitals face is the lack of a secure platform to store and share data, and they are often victims of hacking because of outdated infrastructure. Blockchain technology can allow hospitals to safely store data like medical records and share it with authorized professionals or patients. Moreover, this can improve data security and even help with accuracy and speed of diagnosis. For instance, your file would be online and your doctor will not have access to your cigarette addiction unless it will interfere with your liver treatment.
  • Blockchain can come handy in Property rights. For instance, your step brother sells your garage but keeps the house of your grandmother? Recorded and accessible only for the potential buyer. The DNA analyser discovered that your step brother has a stepbrother i.e. you then you will be added automatically to the property title even if you’re in Zambia and your phone will beep to give you the good news. (See how blockchain can make you rich even without Bitcoins).

Transparency 
  • Tired of not getting the RTI response on the latest government deal and expenditure? Blockchain allows you to check online what has been done on the 27.01.20 between 10:20 and 10:30 and see where is your tax money and what has been done (or not) with it.
  • You give your 100 bitcoins for water infrastructure in Nigeria? You will see exactly where your money went and you won't have the surprise of discovering that 99 went for the wages of the charity and one for the corrupted mayor that needed a pool in his garden.
  • Blockchain potentially allows us the ability to vote in a manner that’s impervious to outside meddling or the influence of corruption. Creating an immutable, publicly-viewable ledger of recorded votes would be a massive step toward making elections fairer and more democratic.
  • Even if your government is defaulting on its loans or your bank fails, you will still have an unaffected backup pool of money to draw from since many people were restricted to withdraw cash from PMC Bank and the most recent case being Yes Bank which can cause inconvenience to the ones who truly need it. 

Payments and Transactions 
  • We don’t want foreign companies to track our day to day transactions like Gpay, PayPal or Paytm (Yeah Paytm is owned by Alibaba and Softbank) plus transaction costs are way lower.
  • You don’t need to convert your rupees to dollars or yen every now and then. Blockchain can let you get rid of fiat money and lead to a much-stabilised exchange rate in future (no relation with “Future Markets”) unaffected by the happenings in the global trade and commodity markets.
  • When you use credit and debit cards to make purchases (especially online), you’re trusting the vendor with information that other people could use to steal from you. This means that, if your financial information is stolen from the vendor, your money will be at risk.

Transforming the Economy
  • Bitcoin’s value doesn’t fluctuate like market collapse like black Monday. In fact, Bitcoin emerged right after the 2008 financial crisis. Since cryptocurrency is still an emerging technology, the value of the various digital currencies can be volatile (discussed below), but the system was designed to not be inflationary in the long run. There are many aspects of cryptocurrency which contribute to its non-inflationary nature.
  • Each cryptocurrency has a finite, set limit on the total number of coins that will come into existence. For example, the total number of bitcoins that can ever come into existence is 21,000,000.
  • There are controls and techniques in each cryptocurrency’s protocol that ensure that the process by which new coins come into existence is controlled and predictable over time. This means that we can accurately predict how much of a certain cryptocurrency will exist at any given time in the future.
  •  There is no money-issuing agency which can decide to mint more currency or enact fiscal policy that decreases the value of the currency. Just imagine the future where everyone will be trading in cryptos and not deal through dollars, yen and other troublesome conversions.

Eliminating Middlemen
  • Eliminating the middleman (I call them leeches). You want to sell something, you access a free site powered by blockchain, list your item and sell it without having to pay ebay and PayPal commission. You want to sell a book? You can do it for 0.01$ and you could have 1m readers that would be willing to pay that 0.01$, not 1000 that would pay 10$ from which 9.9 go to the publisher and 1m that would download it from piratebay because they cannot afford to pay $10.
  • You don’t need to purchase the expensive Netflix and Prime subscription to binge watch your favourite movies and series. Blockchain will give rise to the “Wikileaks of the common”.
  • FACEBOOK owns three of the most popular social media platforms with in-app messaging service, Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram respectively. Giving a private entity this much power is insanity at peak provided the recently infamous “Cambridge Analytica data crisis”.

Decentralisation
  • Energy management has been a highly centralized industry for a long time. Energy producers and users cannot buy it directly from each other and have to go through the public grid or a trusted private intermediary. For example, “TransactiveGrid” is a startup using Ethereum that allows customers to buy and sell energy from each other in a peer-to-peer way.
  • A completely decentralized internet, where ISPs aren’t needed anymore. This is what “Skycoin” does with Skywire. They will soon provide their custom built 1Gbps antennas for $100, which have a range of 10 miles and provide high speed internet to 7,000 people and with their mesh network on top probably 20,000 people. You only need 2,000 antennas per European country to cover the whole continent and the data is stored on Skyminers.

Information Security
  • It’s interesting to note that multiple types of information theft keep occurring, way more than most people realize. A good example of this is the April 2014 “Heartbleed” bug in the openSSL cryptographic software. Hundreds of popular online services were hacked before the bug was disclosed, including big names like Facebook, Google, Instagram, Pinterest, Tumblr, Twitter, Yahoo, Yahoo Mail, Gmail, Dropbox, TurboTax, and GoDaddy.
  • Ever got suspicious of the ad about the book in your Facebook and Instagram feed which you just added to your Flipkart wishlist? Companies like Flipkart, Amazon, Facebook, Google and many more are spying on your data making you vulnerable. Blockchain provides you the mask you need to stay safe from this virus (read corona). 
  • With the increasing role of IoT in our lives, it’s high time we stop trusting Siri and Alexa. Blockchain is one of the ways to protect our virtual presence and stop the ways MNCs manipulate us through the data they receive in various forms. Remember, data is the most precious thing out there.


Challenges of Blockchain

challenges of blockchaain, demerit of blockchain, difficulties hindrances of blockchain
Challenges of blockchain

A blockchain is a sort of database and computational platform, with pros and cons compared to conventional technologies. Sometimes a blockchain may be an appropriate choice in the design of a software system, but for many purposes, conventional technologies will be more appropriate and provide better results. Let’s explore the challenges further...

Wastage of Energy

  • The public Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains use a consensus mechanism called ‘Proof of Work’ which requires all mining nodes to compete to solve a difficult cryptographic puzzle. However, the world-wide pool of computers performing this cryptographic puzzle creates significant electricity usage, most of which is ‘wasted’ by not leading directly to a successful puzzle solution. 
  • Though alternative consensus mechanisms are being developed for public blockchains, such as ‘Proof of Stake’, which do not use a computationally expensive puzzle, and will be markedly more energy-efficient, the massive redundancy in the large number of processing nodes in a blockchain system will always mean that more electricity is used than in a centralised non-replicated database. This is an inevitable trade-off for the distributed trust and increased availability offered by a blockchain.

Criminal Activity

  • Through some third-party trading platform which supports cryptocurrencies, the user can either buy or sell any product. Since there is a high level of anonymity in this process, it would be very difficult to track the behaviour of the user, let alone the subject to legal sanctions. 
  • There are several methods fraudsters use to conceal their criminal activities, including altering or deleting information in a company’s accounting systems, changing electronic or paper documents and creating fraudulent files. 
  • However as pointed out by Ross Mauri of IBM Systems, “Using a shared digital ledger can help reduce fraud because it increases the visibility and transparency of the transactions made throughout a supply chain and between members of a business network. Participants can see the history and transfer of assets, so fraudulent transactions are easier to identify. Plus, to tamper with the transaction records on a blockchain, an individual or group of individuals in collusion would have to control a majority of the system.” So, the security claims remain disputable and prone to attacks.

Blockchain Efficiency

  • The efficiency of blockchain themselves may become overloaded with complex consensus mechanism as well as invalid data. For example, most popular consensus mechanisms which are used in blockchain are proof of work, which is referred to as a “waste of computing resources” by the researcher.
  •  It is usually said that there are efforts to develop more efficient and hybrid consensus mechanisms that combine PoW and Proof of Stake (PoS). In addition to that, blockchain will produce a lot of information, data, transaction data, contract bytecode which may be useless and outdated. 
  • There are several smart contracts which contain no code or totally the same code in Ethereum, and many smart contracts won’t be executed after its deployment. An efficient data cleanup and detention mechanism can be used to enhance the execution efficiency of the blockchain systems.

Private Key Security

  • Access to a blockchain requires both a public and a private key (the private key of the user is the identity and security credential). Keys are cryptic strings of characters of sufficient length to make the odds of guessing them truly astronomical. However, the user generates and maintains these rather than a third-party agency.
  • An attacker can recover a user’s private key because it may not have enough randomness during the signature process. Once the user’s private key is lost, the user won’t be able to recover it again. Since blockchain does not depend on any centralized third-party trusted institutions, if the private key of the user is stolen, it would be very difficult to track the behaviours of the criminal to recover the modified blockchain information.

51% Vulnerability

  • The level of vulnerability for attackers to control and exploit the entire blockchain in the consensus mechanism is 51%.To be specific, in the PoW-based blockchain, if a single miner’s hashing power accounts for more than 50% of the total hashing power of the entire blockchain, then it can result to the launching of the 51% attack.
  • Hence, the concentration of mining power in some mining pools may result in the fear of an inadvertent situation, such as a single pool controlling more than half of all the computing power.

Double Spending

  • Though the consensus mechanism of the blockchain can validate a transaction, it’s still possible to avoid double spending or using the same cryptocurrency myriad times for transactions.
  • The attacker can exploit the intermediate time between the two transactions initiated and confirmation so that an attack can be launched quickly.

Smart Contracts Vulnerability

  • Smart contracts aren’t that smart after all. While being executed, smart contracts may have security vulnerabilities which are caused by program defects.
  • A survey by ScienceDirect shows that 8,833 out of 19,366 Ethereum smart contracts are vulnerable to bugs like transaction-ordering dependence, timestamp dependence, and mishandled exceptions. Not to mention that smart contracts are also pretty under-optimized.

Untested Code

  • Despite the nearly 8-year history of Bitcoin, blockchains not dedicated to cryptocurrencies are still heavily experimental. As such, some DLT creators are tempted to deploy insufficiently-tested code on live blockchains. One now-infamous example is that of The DAO attack. This has been described briefly in a micro-blog which you can access here.
  • The hack resulted from the attacker exploiting two vulnerabilities in The DAO code. The hacker knew that the code was designed to allow both a split, and a transfer of tokens between accounts. The hacker also realized that the code would not update account balances fast enough to prevent transferring the same tokens more than once. Since the code did not decrement the original account balances after each transfer, there was nothing to stop the same tokens from being replicated about 40 times each, without the original tokens being destroyed and it was exploited to the extent that $55 Million worth of ether was transferred.
With the various aspects of blockchain discussed along with its advantages and disadvantages, we can expect blockchain technology to be a part of a large number of projects in the near future considering the features it brings in with suitable modifications.

In future blogs, I would talk about the impact of blockchain in the economy and what it holds for us in the future. Thank You for your time!

KC  (signing off….)
PS: The author has also written an almost similar blog a few days back which you can read here.